Yuan Shao was elected to be the leader of the coalition. In February 190, the Guandong Coalition (й—њжќ±иЃЇи»Ќ, literally: Coalition East of the Pass) was formed after several regional officials and warlords gathered east of Hangu Pass with their armies in response to the call for a punitive war against Dong Zhuo. Regional officials and warlords all around China received the letters and responded to the call to remove Dong Zhuo from power. These letters were distributed all around the nation in the name of officials from the capital. He planned to start a coup d'etat to remove Dong from power by rising in revolt but he was kept in check by Han Fu, the Governor of Ji Province (е†Ђе·ћ).ДЄt the same time, the Grand Administrator of Dong Commandery, Qiao Mao, forged letters of accusation against Dong Zhuo, denouncing him as a traitor with the intention of usurping the throne, calling for a punitive expedition against Dong. While in Bohai, Yuan Shao was not appeased by Dong Zhuo's proposal to appoint him as Grand Administrator. Dong heeded his advisor's suggestions and proposed to the emperor to appoint Yuan as Grand Administrator of Bohai as an act of appeasement.Д¬eramic statues of a prancing horse (foreground) and a cavalryman on horseback (background), Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) Formation of the coalition Dong Zhuo feared that Yuan Shao might rise in revolt against him as Yuan was also an influential figure in politics as well. Yuan Shao fled from Luoyang after openly disagreeing with Dong Zhuo's decision to depose Emperor Shao. He eliminated several of his opponents in the imperial court to further strengthen his grip over the apparatus of state.

He was authoritarian and showed no regard for the absolute monarchy as he made the final decisions on policies without consulting or seeking approval from the emperor. Since then, Dong Zhuo had established a strong influence in the imperial court. On March 26 in the same year, Dong had Liu Bian (the former Emperor Shao) and Empress Dowager He killed. Dong appointed himself as Chancellor of State, an official post abolished almost 200 years ago. The prince became historically known as Emperor Xian. In 190, Dong Zhuo deposed Emperor Shao and installed the Prince of Chenliu on the throne. Subsequently, the warlord Ding Yuan was killed by his subordinate LГј Bu for opposing Dong Zhuo's decision to depose Emperor Shao. They were eventually discovered by a search party and escorted back to the palace safely by Dong Zhuo and his men. The emperor lost the Imperial Seal during his escape. The young Emperor Shao and his younger brother, the Prince of Chenliu, were brought out of the palace by the surviving eunuchs during the chaos. He Jin's associates led by Yuan Shao stormed the palace after the assassination and started massacring eunuchs. However, before Dong Zhuo's arrival, He Jin's plan was revealed and he was assassinated by the eunuchs on 22 September 189. Dong was ordered to lead his troops into the capital city to aid He in eliminating the eunuch faction, the Ten Attendants, from the imperial court. Instead, they were fighting remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels in the north and thus did not duel with LГј Bu, who, historically, was defeated by Sun Jian in battle.ДЇollowing the death of Emperor Ling in 189, General-in-Chief He Jin summoned the frontier general Dong Zhuo from the northwest into the capital city of Luoyang. Liu, Guan and Zhang were not active in the campaign. Both incidents however, are fictional Hua was killed in a battle against Sun Jian. The two scenes are often reenacted in Chinese opera along with other famous scenes from the novel. In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the campaign is memorable for at least two famous incidents: one is Guan Yu's slaying of Hua Xiong the other is the three-on-one duel between the three sworn brothers ( Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei) and LГј Bu. It was a prelude to the end of the Han dynasty and, subsequently, the Three Kingdoms period. The campaign led to the evacuation of the capital Luoyang and the shifting of the imperial court to Chang'an. They justified their campaign as to remove Dong from power.

The members of the coalition claimed that Dong had the intention of usurping the throne by holding Emperor Xian hostage and by establishing a strong influence in the imperial court. The Campaign against Dong Zhuo was a punitive expedition initiated by a coalition of regional officials and warlords against the warlord Dong Zhuo in 190 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Northwest China ( Tong Pass * Jicheng * Lucheng * Qi Mtns.Northern China ( Liyang * Ye * Nanpi * White Wolf Mtn.).

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